Bayonets
of the Cameroon Schutztruppe

 
 

 

     
 

The Cameroon Schutztruppe were initially issued S71/84 bayonets. These were gradually being replaced with kS98 bayonets as the Mauser 98 carbine was introduced. The process of re-issue was not complete in all units before the outbreak of the First World War.

As in East Africa, leather grips and scabbards rotted quickly in the hot, damp climate of Cameroon. Bayonets were sometimes locally re-gripped before wooden and rubber gripped bayonets were issued. Likewise leather scabbards were sometimes replaced by steel or captured ones.

The Germans in Cameroon resorted to making their own ammunition and sometimes firearms due to shortages in the First World War. Like the East Africans they may have also made improvised bayonets although I have so far not seen any.

In Cameroon far less enemy equipment was captured than in East Africa although at least one French Lebel 1886 bayonet has been reported in a private collection with "Sch.K" markings.

The bayonets of the Cameroon Schutztruppe were usually marked "Sch.K" (or sometimes "SCH.K." or simply "S.K") for "Schutztruppe Kamerun". A two, three or four figure weapon number then usually followed.

It seems from surviving examples that field company numbers were not standard on all bayonets but were used on some (for example "S.K.7. 126" for the 7th company, weapon number 126 noted on a kS98 bayonet).

 


Soldier of the Cameroon Schutztruppe
He is armed with an S71/84 Bayonet

Photo © Mark Skurka

 
         
     
S71/84 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe  Photos © Chris Wood
The markings "Sch.K.8559" on the hilt and scabbard show this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun, weapon number 8559. The scabbard is an original leather one with previous issue markings cancelled. They read "62.R.11.132.9" showing it have previously been issued to the 62nd Upper Schleswig Infantry Regiment ("3. Oberschlesisches Infanterie-Regiment. Nr.62") of the regular German army.

Manufacturer's markings for both Weyersberg Kirschbaum & Co in Solingen and Erfurt are present. The blade was most likely made at one factory with the bayonet being hilted and assembled at the other. This bayonet was made in 1887 (marked "W87") and thus has a short fuller (the groove in the blade, added to decrease weight but not strength and also to aid in the gruesome task of "after thrust withdrawal"). From 1889 onwards longer fullers going to the tip were used. This bayonet has wooden grips and its original leather scabbard.

S71/84 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe Photos © Roy Williams, the author of The Collectors Book of German Bayonets

The markings "Sch.K.3425." on the hilt shows this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun, weapon number 3425. The scabbard is an original leather one with the markings "Sch.K. 3156." showing it originally to have been issued with bayonet number 3156. Non-matching bayonet and scabbard combinations are quite common and while some may have been put together by post-war collectors many may also have been in use by the Schutztruppe when one or other was damaged or lost. It also has previous issue markings cancelled on the scabbard. They read "26.R.13.38." showing it have previously been issued to the 26th Magdeburg Infantry Regiment ("Infanterie-Regiment. Fürst Leopold von Anhalt-Desau (1.Magdeburgisches) Nr.26") of the regular German army. This bayonet was made by Weyersberg Kirschbaum & Co in Solingen in 1888 (marked "W88").

Modified S71/84 Bayonet possibly used by the Schutztruppe 
Photos © Chris Wood
This bayonet also has manufacturer's markings for both Weyersberg Kirschbaum & Co in Solingen and Erfurt. Again the blade was most likely made at one factory with the bayonet being hilted and assembled at the other. The blade is date marked "W87" for 1887. There are no unit markings or weapon number, so this bayonet cannot be proved to be colonial although several clues point in this direction. The point of the blade has a "Bowie"-style tip (see the comparison photograph on the left between a bowie and normal tip). Other examples with this bowie tip modification have been stamped "Sch.K." as used by the Cameroon Schutztruppe (see Edged Weapons of the Cameroon and Togo Polizeitruppe at Seitengewehr.de). The frog is also of a type often seen with Schutztruppe bayonets, in that it is for a kS98 bayonet, in brown leather with tooled edges.

The scabbard is of a rare type, having been made from a cut down 1866 French Chassepot scabbard (these are usually found with shortened French 1866 bayonets). Large numbers of French weapons were captured during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 and some of them later turned up in use in the German colonies. There is also the possibility that the scabbard was captured from French colonial troops and modified by the Germans in Cameroon during the First World War, though there is no evidence to back up this theory. French scabbards have not previously been noted with colonial bayonets but this bayonet, frog and scabbard have obviously been together for a very long time (note the imprint of the frog stud in the leather).

kS98 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe  Photos © Chris Wood

The markings "S.K.7. 126" show this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun, 7. Feldkompagnie based at Garua, weapon number 126. This bayonet was made at Erfurt in 1904 (marked "W04"). It has its original leather grips and a steel scabbard.

kS98 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe  Photos © Roy Williams, the author of The Collectors Book of German Bayonets

The markings "Sch.K.12.45" show this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun, 12. Feldkompagnie, weapon number 45. This bayonet was made at Erfurt in 1911 (marked "W11"). It has replacement wooden grips with the original three rivets from its original leather grips. It has an unmarked steel scabbard.

kS98 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe  Photos © Keith Lam

The markings "Sch.K." on the hilt and scabbard show this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun. It has no field company or weapon number. The manufacturer's markings, "E&F  Hörster Solingen" are visible on the blade in the photograph on the left and the date markings can be seen on the spine of the blade as "W13" for 1913 in the photograph on the right. There is good evidence to suggest that these 1913 Hörster's formed a separate order from the Colonial Office as better suited for humid climates (see Anthony Carter's "German Bayonets Vol2"). Every 1913 Hörster kS98 with wooden grips that has so far been noted with a unit mark, belonged to the Schutztruppe of the African colonies. This particular model of kS98 was probably the first to have the wooden grips with two screw bolts which became standard soon after, as they were cheaper than the old chequered leather grips and showed less tendency to rot in tropical climates. This bayonet has a blackened steel scabbard.

kS98 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe  Photos © Chris Wood
The markings "SCH.K.728" on the hilt and scabbard show this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun, weapon number 728. The use of capital letters throughout the unit marking is yet another slight variation by the armourers of the Schutztruppe in Cameroon. This bayonet was made by Erfurt in 1913 (marked "W13").
     
kS98 Bayonet from the Cameroon Schutztruppe Photos © Vincent Koch  
 
The markings "SK.7.92" on the hilt and scabbard show this bayonet to have been issued to the Schutztruppe Kamerun 7. Feldkompagnie, weapon number 92. It was made by C.G. Haenel of Suhl and marked "L14" for King Ludwig III of Bavaria 1914. This indicates that it was made for the Bavarian army but somehow got diverted to Cameroon.
   
 


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